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}} John Maxwell "J. M." Coetzee (, ;〔: "The first syllable is pronounced kuut (uu as in book); debate rages about the pronunciation of the "ee" at the end. Many South Africans, whether Afrikaans speakers or not, pronounce this as a diphthong EE-uh, as in the word "idea". Indeed, kuut-SEE-uh was the Unit's original recommendation in the early 1980s, based on the advice of the South African Broadcasting Corporation and his London publisher, Secker and Warburg. However, that vowel can also be pronounced as a monophthong (kuut-SEE), especially by those from the south of the country, and this is the pronunciation that the author uses and prefers the BBC to use too."〕 born 9 February 1940) is a South African novelist, essayist, linguist, translator and recipient of the 2003 Nobel Prize in Literature. He relocated to Australia in 2002 and lives in Adelaide.〔 He became an Australian citizen in 2006. In 2013, Richard Poplak of the ''Daily Maverick'' described Coetzee as "inarguably the most celebrated and decorated living English-language author". Before receiving the 2003 Nobel Prize in Literature, Coetzee was awarded the Jerusalem Prize, CNA Prize (thrice), the Prix Femina Étranger, ''The Irish Times'' International Fiction Prize and the Booker Prize (twice), among other accolades. ==Early life and academia== Born in Cape Town, Cape Province, Union of South Africa, on 9 February 1940 to Afrikaner parents, his father, Zacharias Coetzee, was an occasional attorney and government employee, and his mother, Vera Coetzee (born Wehmeyer), a schoolteacher. The family mainly spoke English at home, but John spoke Afrikaans with other relatives.〔 He is descended from early Dutch immigrants to South Africa in the 17th century,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Trying to unwrap the great Coetzee enigma ) "His Cape ancestry begins as early as the 17th century with the arrival from Holland of one Dirk Couché"〕 while his mother was a descendant of German and Polish immigrants.〔 "His maternal great-grandfather was born in Czarnylas, Poland"〕 Coetzee spent most of his early life in Cape Town and in Worcester in Cape Province (modern-day Western Cape), as recounted in his fictionalised memoir, ''Boyhood'' (1997). The family moved to Worcester when he was eight, after his father had lost his government job.〔 He attended St. Joseph's College, a Catholic school in the Cape Town suburb of Rondebosch, later studying mathematics and English at the University of Cape Town and receiving his Bachelor of Arts with Honours in English in 1960 and his Bachelor of Arts with Honours in Mathematics in 1961.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=John Coetzee )〕 He then relocated to the United Kingdom, in 1962, worked as a computer programmer for IBM in London, and ICT (International Computers and Tabulators) in Bracknell staying until 1965.〔 In 1963, while still in the UK, Coetzee was awarded a Master of Arts degree from the University of Cape Town for a thesis on the novels of Ford Madox Ford entitled "The Works of Ford Madox Ford with Particular Reference to the Novels" (1963).〔 His experiences in England were later recounted in ''Youth'' (2002), his second volume of fictionalised memoirs. Coetzee went to the University of Texas at Austin, in the United States, on the Fulbright Program in 1965, receiving his doctorate in 1969. His PhD dissertation was on computer stylistic analysis of the works of Samuel Beckett and was entitled "The English Fiction of Samuel Beckett: An Essay in Stylistic Analysis" (1968).〔 In 1968, he began teaching English literature at the State University of New York at Buffalo where he stayed until 1971.〔 It was at Buffalo that he began his first novel, ''Dusklands''.〔 From as early as 1968 he sought permanent residence in the United States, a process that was finally unsuccessful, in part due to his involvement in anti-Vietnam-War protests. In March 1970, he had been one of 45 faculty members who occupied the university's Hayes Hall and were subsequently arrested for criminal trespass. The charges against the 45 were dropped in 1971. He then returned to South Africa to teach English literature at the University of Cape Town, where he was promoted Professor of General Literature in 1983 and was Distinguished Professor of Literature between 1999 and 2001.〔 Upon retiring in 2002 and relocating to Adelaide, Australia, he was made an honorary research fellow at the English Department of the University of Adelaide, where his partner, Dorothy Driver,〔 is a fellow academic, and served as professor on the Committee on Social Thought at the University of Chicago until 2003. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「J. M. Coetzee」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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